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羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)的保暖性能和羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)的蓬松(song)度(du)及絨(rong)子含量這兩(liang)個指標直接相關。這兩(liang)個指標是受鵝、鴨的生長周(zhou)期影響(xiang)，生長周(zhou)期越長、它的羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)成熟(shu)度(du)越高，它的保暖性越強。一般來說，體(ti)(ti)型大、發(fa)育成熟(shu)禽(qin)鳥(niao)的羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)質量最佳。換言之(zhi)，在禽(qin)鳥(niao)品種相同的情況下，羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)的品質和禽(qin)鳥(niao)的成熟(shu)度(du)有關，和產地、氣候無關。
依據《GB/T17685羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毛》定義(yi)，絨(rong)(rong)子(zi)(zi)含(han)量(liang)是指羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毛中絨(rong)(rong)子(zi)(zi)所占的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)百分比。蓬(peng)松(song)(song)度是指直徑容器內，一定量(liang)的(de)(de)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毛樣(yang)品(pin)在(zai)規(gui)定的(de)(de)壓(ya)力下所占的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)。對照(zhao)《GB/T17685羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毛》質(zhi)量(liang)要求《GBT14272-2021羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)服裝(zhuang)》羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)要求，絨(rong)(rong)子(zi)(zi)含(han)量(liang)越(yue)高(gao)，蓬(peng)松(song)(song)度越(yue)高(gao)，羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)越(yue)高(gao)。
蓬(peng)松(song)度(du)標準(zhun)在不同國家和地區的(de)測算(suan)方式有較大(da)(da)差別(bie)，美國標準(zhun)中(zhong)蓬(peng)松(song)度(du)指的(de)是在一定(ding)條(tiao)件下每一盎司（30克(ke)）羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)所(suo)(suo)占體(ti)(ti)積立方英寸的(de)數值（in3/OZ），蓬(peng)松(song)度(du)就是每單位(wei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)的(de)所(suo)(suo)儲存(cun)空(kong)氣體(ti)(ti)積的(de)能(neng)力。就羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)暖原理而(er)言，羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)良好(hao)的(de)保(bao)(bao)暖性(xing)能(neng)來源于其獨(du)特(te)的(de)分(fen)叉(cha)結(jie)構，這種(zhong)結(jie)構使纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)具有高(gao)度(du)的(de)蓬(peng)松(song)性(xing)，能(neng)容納大(da)(da)量空(kong)氣，同時(shi)纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)比(bi)表面積非常大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增加(jia)了(le)(le)空(kong)氣流通(tong)阻(zu)力，使容納的(de)空(kong)氣靜止固(gu)定(ding)在集合體(ti)(ti)內部，增加(jia)了(le)(le)集合體(ti)(ti)整體(ti)(ti)熱(re)(re)阻(zu)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)地提高(gao)了(le)(le)纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)暖性(xing)能(neng)。羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)因這種(zhong)獨(du)特(te)的(de)三維(wei)(wei)(wei)結(jie)構，封(feng)鎖空(kong)氣，而(er)空(kong)氣的(de)導熱(re)(re)系數（導熱(re)(re)系數是指在穩定(ding)傳熱(re)(re)條(tiao)件下，1m厚的(de)材料，兩側表面溫差為(wei)1度(du)，在一定(ding)時(shi)間內，通(tong)過1平方米(mi)面積傳遞的(de)熱(re)(re)量，單位(wei)為(wei)瓦(wa)/米(mi)·度(du)（W/（m·K））遠遠低于固(gu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)導熱(re)(re)系數。因此，羽(yu)(yu)(yu)絨(rong)所(suo)(suo)儲存(cun)的(de)空(kong)氣越多，其導熱(re)(re)系數越接近空(kong)氣，保(bao)(bao)暖性(xing)能(neng)越好(hao)。
《紡織學(xue)報》第32卷(juan)第12期中《鵝(e)、鴨絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維形(xing)態(tai)結(jie)構(gou)差異及(ji)對(dui)保暖(nuan)性的影(ying)響(xiang)》一(yi)文中通過對(dui)鵝(e)絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維和鴨絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維形(xing)態(tai)結(jie)構(gou)的觀察可知，一(yi)般情況下，與鴨絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維相(xiang)比(bi)，鵝(e)絨(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維絨(rong)(rong)朵較(jiao)(jiao)大，絨(rong)(rong)核較(jiao)(jiao)小，絨(rong)(rong)枝較(jiao)(jiao)長而粗，絨(rong)(rong)小枝較(jiao)(jiao)長而細且分布較(jiao)(jiao)密，絨(rong)(rong)小枝上節點小而多且分布均(jun)勻。
這種形態結構(gou)使鵝絨纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維能(neng)夠保持(chi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓬(peng)松(song)性(xing)(xing)，在捕獲更(geng)(geng)(geng)多空(kong)氣同(tong)時，將空(kong)氣很好(hao)地固定在其內(nei)部，大大增加(jia)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維集(ji)合體熱阻，保持(chi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保暖性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。由于鵝絨纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維更(geng)(geng)(geng)長，且節(jie)點(dian)小而均勻(yun)，使鵝絨纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維在壓縮(suo)(suo)過程中(zhong)具有(you)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓縮(suo)(suo)性(xing)(xing)，當外力釋放后，較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)點(dian)對纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維彎曲恢復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力越(yue)小，使纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維集(ji)合體具有(you)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓縮(suo)(suo)回(hui)彈性(xing)(xing)，宏觀表現為集(ji)合體更(geng)(geng)(geng)為柔軟和具有(you)彈性(xing)(xing)，更(geng)(geng)(geng)容易恢復(fu)到原始蓬(peng)松(song)結構(gou)，從而使鵝絨纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維更(geng)(geng)(geng)容易保持(chi)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保暖性(xing)(xing)。